Drilling a water well
Water supply is necessary for any facility, be it a residential building or an industrial facility. In the absence of a centralized water supply, two options remain: well or well. What speaks in favor of the well is that the well is usually made up to the upper aquifer, the water in which is not always suitable for food needs. A well can be drilled to any depth where a layer of water of the required quality is found.
Depending on the composition of the soil and the depth of the aquifer, various methods of drilling wells are used.
The screw method is the simplest of the mechanized methods. It is usually used on medium-density soils. A special tool - an auger - destroys the rock during rotation, while simultaneously delivering crushed soil to the surface. Most often, the auger is used at a relatively shallow well depth (up to 80 m) or until the sandy wet layer is reached. The disadvantage of this method is that it cannot be used on rocky soils on soils with a high sand content. In the first case, the auger cannot cope with the penetration, in the second, the walls of the well collapse. However, its low cost determines its widespread use.
Manual drilling is a type of auger drilling. The difference is in the use of a drive to rotate the auger. Traditionally, auger drilling is carried out with a drilling machine on a vehicle platform, while manual drilling is carried out using muscle force or a manual machine with a gasoline or electric engine. Using this method, it is almost impossible to make a well of significant depth and increased diameter. Due to the high labor intensity, manual drilling takes a very long time and is only suitable when the groundwater level is high.
The rotary drilling method is more progressive than the auger drilling method. Drilling is carried out with a hollow pipe, at the lower end of which a bit is attached. The principle of the mechanism can be compared to the operation of a hammer drill. Due to its specificity, the rotary method is suitable for all types of soil.
The difficulty is that waste soil is removed by flushing the well. Water is pumped into the working pipe and discharged along with rock particles through the gap between the pipe and the soil mass. Some problem may arise with the removal of waste fluid. Drilling depth is practically unlimited.
The rope-impact method has long been known and has been successfully used for more than a century. Its essence is that a pipe is driven into the ground, then pulled out, and the soil is removed from its internal cavity. Then the process is repeated several times. The pipe is returned to the surface using a rope attached to its upper end. From the description you can understand that the process is very long and labor-intensive.
It is clear that to drill a well you need special, expensive equipment. It is not economically profitable to purchase it for one-time work. It’s cheaper and easier to turn to professionals. Specialists will assess the complexity of the soil and choose the optimal drilling method.
Sometimes, to develop a territory or a well for a well, excavator services or other construction equipment.
